Michiel Baud (PhD in history, 1991, Utrecht University) is Director of CEDLA and Professor in Latin American Studies at the University of Amsterdam. He co- edited with Rosanne Rutten, "Popular Intellectuals and Social Movements: Framing Protest in Asia, Africa, and Latin America" (Cambridge University Press, 2004). Annelou Ypeij (PhD in anthropology, Utrecht University 1995) is Assistant Professor of Cultural Anthropology at CEDLA. She co-edited with Annelies Zoomers "La Ruta Andina. Turismo y desarrollo sostenible en Per y Bolivia" (Quito: Abya Yala etc., 2006).

An Introduction Michiel Baud and Annelou Ypeij
1

PART ONE CULTURE AND THE PRODUCTION OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL IDENTITIES
21

Chapter Two Tourism Folklore and the Emergence of Regional and National Identities Zoila S Mendoza
23

The Construction of Racial and National Identities in Theme Parks Carla Guerrón Montero
45

Yucatecan Trova Music and the Tourist in Yucatán Mexico Gabriela VargasCetina
69

Chapter Five A Symbol of Wisdom and Love? Countercultural Tourism and the Multiple Faces of María Sabina in Huautla Oaxaca Ben Feinberg
93

PART TWO LOCAL LIVELIHOODS AND TOURIST ENCOUNTERS
115

Frontstage Performance and Backstage Meaning in a Peruvian Context Beatrice Simon
117

Making a Living within the World Heritage Site of Machu Picchu Peru Keely B Maxwell and Annelou Ypeij 177

PART THREE POLITICS OF HERITAGE TOURISM
197

Chapter Ten Trivializing Culture Social Confl ict and Heritage Tourism in Quito Alan Middleton 199

Chapter Eleven Contesting Heritage in Antigua Guatemala Walter E Little
217

Chapter Twelve Hacienda Hotels and Other Ironies of Luxury in Yucatán Mexico Lisa Breglia 245

Transformations in the Politics of Tourism Quetzil E Castañeda 263

Bibliography
297

List of Contributors 317



Problematic Encounters Pitfalls and Competing Interests Lynn A Meisch
141

Tourism and Street Vendors in Cuzco Griet Steel
161

Index
321

Cultural tourism has become an important source of revenue for Latin American countries, especially in the Andes and Meso-America. Tourists go there looking for authentic cultures and artefacts and interact directly with indigenous people. Cultural tourism therefore takes place in close engagement with local societies. This book analyse the effects of cultural tourism and the processes of change it provokes in local societies. It analyses the intricacies of informal markets, the consequences of enforcing tourist policies, the varied encounters of foreign tourists with local populations, and the images and identities that result from the development of tourism. The contributors convincingly show that the tourist experience and the reactions to tourist activities can only be understood if analysed from within local contexts. Contributors: Michiel Baud, Annelou Ypeij, Lisa Breglia, Quetzil E. Casta eda, Ben Feinberg, Carla Guerr n Montero, Walter E. Little, Keely B. Maxwell, Lynn A. Meisch, Zoila S. Mendoza, Alan Middleton, Beatrice Simon, Griet Steel, Gabriela Vargas-Cetina. " Tourism in Latin America especially the sort of cultural tourism that plays to desires for authentic experiences has become a key foreigner currency earner for many countries. This important volume examines the impact of tourism across the region, providing a rich survey of the range of experiences and teasing out the theoretical implications. From the almost surreal Mi Pueblito theme park in Panama to mushroom-hunting tourists in Oaxaca to the eco-trail leading to Machu Pichu, these chapters present compelling cases that speak to identity formation, nationalism, and economic impacts. As the contributors show, benefits are differentially accrued to various actors and often not to the communities that tourists come to see. Yet, the contributors also make it clear that in struggles over ownership, authenticity, and political representation, local communities actively shape the contours and meanings of tourism, at times successfully leveraging cultural capital into economic gains. " Edward F. Fischer, Director Center for Latin American Studies, Vanderbilt University