Heaven born Merida and its destiny: the Book of Chilam Balam of Chumayel
Munro Sterling Edmonson (May 18, 1924 – February 15, 2002)[1] was an Americanlinguist and anthropologist, renowned for his contributions to the study of Mesoamerican languages and Mesoamerican cultural heritage. At the time of his death in 2002, Edmonson was Professor (Emeritus) in Anthropology at Tulane University, New Orleans.
Edmonson authored a 1971 edition of the Popol Vuh entitled The Book of Counsel: The Popol Vuh of the Quiche Maya of Guatemala published by the Middle American Research Institute (MARI) at Tulane University in New Orleans. His edition was the first to espouse the theory of multiple Popol Vuh manuscripts.
THE EIGHTH CENTURY
51
2 The Second Chronicle
56
3 The Third Chronicle
60
4 Izamal and Champoton
65
5 Uxmal
66
6 Chichen Itza
67
7 The Sermon of Ahau Pech
69
8 Cozumel
71
28 Caesar Augustus
150
29 The Ceremonial of the Baktun
152
30 The Language of Zuyua
168
31 Additional Riddles
194
32 Astronomical Notes 204
33 Caesar Augustus and the Chan War
208
34 Antonio Martinez
215
35 Valladolid Resurgent
217
9 The Sermon of Puc Tun
72
10 The Sermon of Xopan Nahuat
73
11Coba
77
12 The Ceremonial of the May
79
13 The Sermon of Tzin Yabun
99
14 The Building of the Pyramids
100
15 The Ceremonial of the Hab
103
16 Christianity Reaches Merida
107
17 The Count of the Katuns
111
18 Merida Seats the Cycle
114
19 The New Cycle of Merida
115
20 The Birth of the Uinal
120
21 The Sermon of Kauil Chel
127
22 The Cathedral of Merida
128
23 The Shield of Yucatan
130
24 The Inquisition in the East
131
25 The Civil War
137
26 The Military Orders
140
27 The War Indemnity
143
36 Chable
220
37 The Annals of Tixkokob
221
38 The Ending of Tribute at Chichen Itza
224
39 Calendrical Notes
225
40 Valladolid
227
41 The Sevenfold Creation
228
42 The Sins of the Itza 245
43 The Sheep and the Goats
249
44 Notes from Chumayel 252
45 Coba 255
46 Tizimin
256
Appendix A Concordance
267
Appendix B A Ceremonial Circuit 269
Appendix C The Mayan Calendar
273
Appendix D Seats and Lords of the Katun
275
Bibliography 277
When the Spaniards conquered the Yucatan Peninsula in the early 1500s, they made a great effort to destroy or Christianize the native cultures flourishing there. That they were in large part unsuccessful is evidenced by the survival of a number of documents written in Maya and preserved and added to by literate Mayas up to the 1830s. The Book of Chilam Balam of Chumayel is such a document, literally the history of Yucatan written by and for Mayas, and it contains much information not available from Spanish sources because it was part of an underground resistance movement of which the Spanish were largely unaware.
Well known to Mayanists, The Book of Chilam Balam of Chumayel is presented here in Munro S. Edmonson's English translation, extensively annotated. Edmonson reinterprets the book as literature and as history, placing it in chronological order and translating it as poetry. The ritual nature of Mayan history clearly emerges and casts new light on Mexican and Spanish acculturation of the Yucatecan Maya in the post-Classic and colonial periods.
Centered in the city of Merida, the Chumayel provides the western (Xiu) perspective on Yucatecan history, as Edmonson's earlier book The Ancient Future of the Itza: The Book of Chilam Balam of Tizimin presented the eastern (Itza) viewpoint. Both document the changing calendar of the colonial period and the continuing vitality of pre-Columbian ritual thought down to the nineteenth century. Perhaps the biggest surprise is the survival of the long-count dating system down to the Baktun Ceremonial of 1618 (12.0.0.0.0). But there are others: the use of rebus writing, the survival of the tun until 1752, graphic if oblique accounts of Mayan ceremonial drama, and the depiction of the Spanish conquest as a long-term inter-Mayan civil war.